ORAL CANDIDOSIS IN A GROUP OF HIV POSITIVE NIGERIANS
AGBELUSI G.A** , SOFOLA O.O**, UTI O .G* **Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. *Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Oral candidosis is one of the commonest oral manifestations of HIV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral candidosis in relation to CD4 counts and use of antiretroviral drugs among Nigerian HIV infected patients. Design: A cross-sectional study in which an interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 244 consecutive HIV patients aged 16-65years. They were examined for oral lesions including Oral candidosis. The presumptive criteria as defined by ECC Clearing House were used for diagnosis of oral lesions.
Result: Forty-six (18.9%) patients presented with oral candidosis of various types. Pseudomembraneous candidosis was the commonest variant seen in 60.0% of those who presented with intra oral candidosis. Prevalence of oral candidosis was significantly associated with use of antiretroviral drugs (p<0.05), low CD4 counts (p=0.010) and time since diagnosis (p=0.005).
Conclusion: Prevalence of candidosis was found to indicate a worsening of HIV disease in the group of patients studied and use of antiretroviral drugs was associated with reduced prevalence. Oral candidosis could be a useful marker of patients with low CD4 count. In view of this, emphasis should be placed on the importance of systematic examination of the oral cavity in all medical examination of HIV infected patients.
BREAST FEEDING, BOTTLE FEEDING AND CARIES EXPERIENCE IN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
C. A. Sowole, E. O. Sote Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship between breast feeding, bottle feeding pattern and caries experience in young children. Methods: Children aged 6 months – 5 years from 3 randomly selected local governments in Lagos State were examined intraorally. Structured questionnaire were administered to the mothers to inquire about the feeding pattern of their children.
Results: The prevalence of dental caries amongst the children was 10.5%. The group most affected with caries was among the predominantly exclusively breast fed (14.6%) compared to 9.4% of those who were exclusively breast fed. No cause and effect relationship was established between the duration of breast-feeding and dental caries, however the longer the duration of breast-feeding the higher the caries prevalence among them. The prevalence of caries also increased with the longer duration of bottle feeding till 18 months after which it declined. Mode of putting child to sleep rather than the bottle content was statistically associated with caries prevalence. (p < 0.05) Conclusion: The multifactorial nature involved in cariogenesis is further demonstrated. The mode of putting the child to sleep is a strong factor in the caries process in young children.
Key words: Breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, caries
Correspondence: Dr. C. A. Sowole
Department of Child Dental Health
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
E-mail:
Prosthetic management of an 11-year-old patient with hereditary ectodermal dysplasia and partial anodontia – a case report.
AKEREDOLU P.A, OLOJEDE A.C.O Department of Restorative Dentistry College of Medicine University of Lagos Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos
ABSTRACT Objective: To illustrate the problems of partial anodontia and replacement of missing teeth and bone in patients with ectodermal dysplasia. Method: The illustrative case is an 11year old boy with tuberculoid shaped 11, 21 and 16 as the teeth present in the upper arch with anodontia of lower arch. Result: Upper removable partial denture and lower removable complete denture was fabricated and fitted satisfactory. Conclusion: The psychological and social embarrassment suffered by children with ectodermal dysplasia associated with missing teeth can be greatly improved with early prosthetic rehabilitation with removable prostheses. Further management with fixed prosthesis may be undertaken as they grow older.
Dietary Counseling in the Prevention and Control Of Oral Diseases – A Review
Etisiobi Ndiokwelu, Chika Ndiokwelu Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Medicine University Of
Nigeria, Enugu Campus and Department of Dietetics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
SUMMARY
There is a close relationship between diet, nutrition and dental health. Oral tissues like all tissues in the body are diet and nutrition-dependent. Knowledge of food sources, their properties, functions, requirements, optimal levels and consequences of deficiencies must form the basis for dietary counseling.
Enough is now known about the interdependence of nutrition, diet and dental diseases that dietary counseling has become a very important and integral part of dental care in developed countries. This is not surprising because oral tissues like all tissues in the body are diet and nutrition – dependent.
In this paper, the scientific basis for dietary counseling in oral health and the role of sucrose in the etiology of some oral and metabolic disease has been reviewed. The importance of diet counseling and the critical elements of counseling have been outlined.
It is recommended, that dietary counseling in dental diseases should be comprehensive for the whole human health and not just for any particular dental disease. Given the time consuming nature of diet counseling it is suggested, that dental practitioners make effort to regularly refer patients/clients presenting with diet-related oral diseases to nutritionist-dietitians who have been professionally trained in the science and art of diet/nutrition counseling. In the absence of such professionals, patients/clients should as a matter of routine be referred to dental nurses and dental hygienists for nutritional counseling.
Caries experience in the primary Dentition of Nursery School Children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Comfort Adekoya– Sofowora, W.O. Nasir, M. Taiwo, O.A. Adesina. Dental Hospital, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract. Objective: To measure the prevalence and pattern of distribution of dental caries in suburban Nigerian children attending nursery school in Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross sectional survey of 423 children (225 boys, 198 girls) aged 3 – 6 years using dmft index. WHO recommendations for oral health survey were used for caries diagnosis (non cavitated lesions were excluded). All examinations were carried out by two calibrated examiners. Result: The prevalence of caries was 10.9% and a mean decayed, missing and filled teeth index (dmft) was 0.3 with the d - component comprising 92%.The mean dmft of children with high social status was higher than children with low social status. No statistically significant differences were found between boys and girls. The pattern of distribution revealed that out of 46 children diagnosed for caries 29 (63%) had caries confined to posterior teeth, 3 (6.5%) had caries only in anterior teeth and in 14(30.4%) both anterior and posterior teeth were affected. Caries free children accounted for 89.1%
Discussion: The experience of caries in suburban Nigerian nursery school children found in this study was lower than that reported in most African countries and developed countries. Conclusion: Caries is not a widespread problem in some young suburban Nigerian nursery school children in the population examined. The importance of dental education and oral health programme both curative and preventive measures for this population are important to maintain the WHO / FDI millennium goal in Nigerian children population.
Key words: Caries, dmft, suburban, nursery, children
Correspondence: Dr.C.A.Adekoya–Sofowora
Department of Child Dental Health
Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria
E.-mail : casofowora @yahoo.com
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